Optical Spectra of Amphiboles

• Hawthorne FC (1981) Amphibole spectroscopy. In: DR Veblen, ed., Amphiboles and Other Hydrous Pyriboles - Mineralogy, Reviews in Mineralogy 9A, 103-13. 
• Khomenko VM, Litvin, MA, Platonov AN (1986) Charge-transfer bands of iron(2+) ion → iron(3+) ion in the optical spectra of amphiboles:  Crystal-chemical factors in their control. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 8, 3-11. (In Russian)
• Langer K. (1988) UV to NIR Spectra of Silicate Minerals Obtained by Microscope Spectrometry and their Use in Mineral Thermodynamics and Kinetics. In: Salje E.K.H. (eds) Physical Properties and Thermodynamic Behaviour of Minerals. NATO ASI Series (Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences), vol 225. Springer, Dordrecht.  
• Литвин МА, Платонов АН, Хоменко ВМ (1992) Оптические спектры и окраска породообразующих Амфиболов  Киев Наукова Думка. 184 pages.  (Litvin MA, Platonov AN, Khomenko VM  (1992) Optical spectra and coloration of rock-forming amphiboles. Kiev Naukova Dumka)
• Khomenko VM, Platonov AN (1996) The influence of the O-O edge distances on the Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ charge transfer bands energies in amphiboles. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 23, 243

• White WB, Keester KL (1966) Optical absorption spectra of iron in the rock-forming silicates. Amer Mineral 51:774-791
• Burns RG (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p101-102.
• Platonov AN, Belichenko VP, Nikolskaya LV, Polshin EV (1975) On the coloration of nephrites. Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov 9, 52-58. In Russian
• Goldman DS, Rossman GR (1977) The identification of Fe²⁺ in the M(4) site of calcic amphiboles. American Mineralogist 62, 205-216
• Bakhtin AI, Min’ko OY, Vinokurov VM (1979) Optical spectra of Mn²⁺ ions in amphiboles: anthophylite, tremolite, hexagonite and actinolite (in Russian). Vinokurov VM, ed., Spektroskopiya mineralov i gornykh porod (Spectroscopy of minerals and rocks), 3-7.
• Hawthorne FC (1981) Amphibole spectroscopy. In: DR Veblen, ed., Amphiboles and Other Hydrous Pyriboles - Mineralogy, Rev. Mineral 9A, 103-139.
• Goldman DS, Rossman GR (1982) The identification of Fe²⁺ in the M(4) site of calcic amphiboles: Reply. Amer Mineral 67, 340-342.
• Wilkins CJ, Tennant WC, Williamson BE, McCammon CA (2003) Spectroscopic and related evidence on the coloring and constitution of New Zealand jade. American Mineralogist 88, 1336-1344.
• Gopal NO, Narasimhulu KV, Rao JL (2004) EPR, optical, infrared and Raman spectral studies of Actinolite mineral. Spectrochim Acta A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 60, 2441-2448.
• Yu H, Wang R, Guo J, Li J, Yang X (2016) Color-inducing elements and mechanisms in nephrites from Golmud, Qinghai, NW China: Insights from spectroscopic and compositional analyses. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 111, 313-325.

• da Costa IR, Rodrogies, PCR,  Barriga FJAS, Rona PA, Nunes CD, Vaz PD (2013) Colourless aegirine in metamorphic rocks from Bayan Obo (Inner Mongolia): lack of charge transfer transitions as possible explanation. European Journal of Mineralogy 25, 987-993.
  

• Mao HK, Seifert F (1974) A study of the crystal-field effects of iron in the amphiboles anthophyllite and gedrite. Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook 73, 500-502.
• Bakhtin AI, Min’ko OY, Vinokurov VM (1979) Optical spectra of Mn2+ ions in amphiboles: anthophylite, tremolite, hexagonite and actinolite (in Russian). Vinokurov VM, ed., Spektroskopiya mineralov i gornykh porod (Spectroscopy of minerals and rocks), 3-7

• Bakhtin AI, Vinokurov VM (1978) Exchange-coupled pairs of transition metal ions and their effect on the optical absorption spectra of rock-forming silicates. Geokhimiya 1, 87-95. Translation: GeoChem Int'l 1978, 53-60
• Bakhtin AI (1978) Fe ion absorption spectra in arfvedsonites (in Russian). Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 107:369-376

• Burns RG (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p96.
  
• Langer K, Khomenko VM (1999) The influence of crystal field stabilization energy on Fe²⁺ partitioning in paragenetic minerals. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 137, 220-231.

• Bakhtin AI, Min’ko OY, Vinokurov VM (1979) Optical spectra of Mn2+ ions in amphiboles: anthophylite, tremolite, hexagonite and actinolite (in Russian). Vinokurov VM, ed., Spektroskopiya mineralov i gornykh porod (Spectroscopy of minerals and rocks), 3-7
• Faye GH, Nickel EH (1970) The effect of charge-transfer processes on the colour and pleochroism of amphiboles. Canadian Mineralogist 10, 616-635

• Mao HK, Seifert F (1974) A study of the crystal-field effects of iron in the amphiboles anthophyllite and gedrite. Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook 73, 500-502.

• Chesnokov BV (1961) Spectral absorption curves of glaucophane from eclogite of the southern Urals. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 90:700-703
• Burns RG (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p73. 
• Faye GH, Nickel EH (1970) The effect of charge-transfer processes on the colour and pleochroism of amphiboles. Canadian Mineralogist 10, 616-635
• Smith G, Strens RGJ (1976) Intervalence transfer absorption in some silicate, oxide and phosphate minerals. In: Strens, RGJ, ed, The Physics of Minerals and Rocks. Wiley, New York. pp. 583-612

• Burns RG (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p97. 

• Marfunin AS, Mineeva RM, Mkrtchyan AR, Nyussik YM, Fedorov VE (1967) Optical and Moessbauer spectroscopy of iron in rock-​forming silicates. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya (1967), 86-102. (In Russian)
• Faye GH, Nickel EH (1970) The effect of charge-transfer processes on the colour and pleochroism of amphiboles. Canadian Mineral 10, 616-635. 
• Bakhtin AI, Vinokurov VM (1978) Exchange-coupled pairs of transition metal ions and their effect on the optical absorption spectra of rock-forming silicates. Geochemistry International 1979, 53-60. (translated from Geokhimiya 1, 87-95).  

• Faye GH, Nickel EH (1970) The effect of charge-transfer processes on the colour and pleochroism of amphiboles. Canadian Mineralogist 10, 616-635.
• Tret'yakova LI. Vokhmentsev AY. Ostroumov MN (1987) Use of optical absorption spectra for refinement of iron ion distribution patterns in holmquistites. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 116, 486-497. In Russian.

• Taran MN, Andrut M, Polshin EV, Matsyuk SS (1999) Optical spectroscopy study of natural Fe, Ti-bearing calcic amphiboles. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27, 59-69. 

• Goldman DS, Rossman GR (1977) The identification of Fe²⁺ in the M(4) site of calcic amphiboles. American Mineralogist 62, 205-216.
• Taran MN, Andrut M, Polshin EV, Matsyuk SS (1999) Optical spectroscopy study of natural Fe, Ti-bearing calcic amphiboles. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27, 59-69.  

• Burns RG (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Faye GH, Nickel EH (1970) The effect of charge-transfer processes on the colour and pleochroism of amphiboles. Canadian Mineralogist 10, 616-635
• Manning PG, Nickel EH (1970) A spectral study of the origin of colour and pleochroism of a titanaugite from Kaiserstuhl and of a riebeckite from St. Peter's Dome, Colorado. Canadian Mineral 10, 71-83
• Allen GC (1976) Mixed-valence interaction absorption in the electronic absorption spectrum of the iron-containing mineral crocidolite. Transition Metal Chemistry 1, 143-146.
• Taran MN, Langer K (1998) Temperature and pressure dependence of intervalence charge transfer bands in spectra of some Fe- and Fe,Ti-bearing oxhygen-based minerals. N Jb Miner Abh 172, 325-346.
  

• Faye GH, Nickel EH (1970) The effect of charge-transfer processes on the colour and pleochroism of amphiboles. Canadian Mineralogist 10, 616-635.
• Bakhtin AI, Lopatin ON , Konev AA (1997) Nature of coloration of Siberian nephrites (in Russian). Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Geol. Razved. 1997:145-147
• Goldman DS, Rossman GR (1977) The identification of Fe²⁺ in the M(4) site of calcic amphiboles. American Mineralogist 62, 205-216
• Bakhtin AI, Min’ko OY, Vinokurov VM (1979) Optical spectra of Mn2+ ions in amphiboles: anthophylite, tremolite, hexagonite and actinolite (in Russian). Vinokurov VM, ed., Spektroskopiya mineralov i gornykh porod (Spectroscopy of minerals and rocks), 3-7
• Hawthorne FC (1981) Amphibole spectroscopy. In: DR Veblen, ed., Amphiboles and Other Hydrous Pyriboles - Mineralogy, Reviews in Mineralogy 9A, 103-139.
• Schmetzer K (1982) Absorptionsspektroskopie und Farbe vokn V³⁺-haltigen natūrlichen Oxiden und Silikaten - ein Beitrag zur Kristallchemie des Vanadiuiims. N Jb Mineral Abhandlungen 144, 73-106.
• Chandrasekhar AV, Ravikumar RVSSN, Reddy BJ, Reddy YP, Sambasiva Rao P (2000) Spectroscopic studies on Cr-tremolite. Asian Journal of Physics 9, 405-409.
  
• Gong N, Wang C, Xu S (2023) Color Origin of Greyish-Purple Tremolite Jade from Sanchahe in Qinghai Province, NW China. Minerals 13, 1049. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081049

• Ghose S, Kersten M, Langer K, Rossi G, Ungaretti L (1986) Crystal field spectra and Jahn Teller effect of Mn3+ in clinopyroxenes and clinoamphioles from India. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13:291-305
• Rossman GR (1988) Optical Spectroscopy. In: F.C. Hawthorne, ed., Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology. Reviews in Mineral 18, 207-254.