Optical Spectra of Beryl, Be3Al2Si6O18
1923
- Wild GO, Liesegang RE (1923) The color of amethysts and
beryls. Centr. Mineral. Geol. (1923), 737-40.
1950s
- Mukherjee B (1951) Color of beryl. Nature 167,
602.
- Ristic S, Eichoff HJ (1955) Les spectres d’absorption et
réflexion de quelques variétés de béryls synthêtiques et naturels
[Absorption and reflection spectra of some synthetic and
natural varieties of beryl]. Congrés Groupement l’Avancement des
Méthods d’Analyse Spectrographiques des Produits Métallurgiques 18,
385-411.
- Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Pevneva LA (1956) Absorption
spectra of colored beryls and topazes. Trudy Instituta
Kristallografii, Akademiya Nauk SSSR (1956), (No. 12), 85-92.
In
Russian
- Grum-Grzhimailo SV (1958) The color of
idiochromatic minerals. Zapiski Vserossijskogo
Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 87, 129-150. (in Russian)
1960s
- Dvir M, Low W (1960) Paramagnetic resonance and optical
spectrum of iron in beryl. Physics Review 119, 1587-1591.
- Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Brilliantov NA, Sviridova
RK, Sukhanova ON, Kapitonova MM (1962) Absorption
spectra of
iron-colored beryls at temperatures from 290 to l.7ºK. Optics and
Spectroscopy 13, 133-134.
- Adrian H (1963) Beryls and tourmalines. Mitteilungen der
Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern 19, 83-85. (in German.)
- Emelyanova EN, Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Boksha ON, Varina TM.
(1965)
Artificial beryls containing V, Mn, Co, and Ni.
Kristallografiya
10, 59-62. (in Russian)
- Taylor AM. (1967) Synthetic vanadium emerald Austrialian
Gemmologist 75, 10-13.
- Nassau K, Wood DL (1968) An examination of red beryl from
Utah. Amer Mineral 53, 801-806.
- Wood DL, Nassau K (1968) The characterization of beryl and
emerald by visible and infrared absorption spectroscopy. American
Mineralogist 53, 777-800.
1970s
- Lakshman SVJ, Reddy BJ (1970) Optical absorption spectrum
of iron in beryl. Spectrochim Acta 26A, 2230-2234
- Samoilovich MI, Tsinober LI, Dunin-Barkoviskii RL (1971)
Nature of the coloring in iron-containing beryl. Soviet Physics
Crystallography 16, 147–150.
- Beckwith PJ, Troup GJ (1973) The optical and infrared
absorption of V3+ in beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18).
Physica Status Solidi (a) 16, 181-186.
- Platonov
AN, Tarashchan AN (1973) Optical spectroscopy of vanadium in natural
minerals. III. Absorption spectra of vanadium(4+) and vanadium(3+)
complexes. Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov 7, 75-81. In Russian
- Nassau K (1974) The effect of gamma rays on the colour of
beryl, smoky quartz, amethyst and topaz. Lapidary Journal 28, 20-40.
- Schmetzer
K, Berdensinski W, Bank H (1974) Über die Mineralart Beryll, ihre
Farben und Absorptionsspektren. Z. Dt. Gemmol. Ges. 23, 5-39.
- Schmetzer
K, Eysel HH (1974) Absorption and emission spectra of
vanadium(II)-vanadium(III)-doped beryls. Zeitschrift fuer
Naturforschung, Teil A: Astrophysik, Physik und Physikalische
Chemie 29, 1458-1460.
- Schmetzer
K, Berdensinski W, Bank H (1975): Farbverflnderungen von
Edelsteinen der Beryllgruppe. Z. Dt. Gemmol. Ges. 24,
81-87.
- Nassau K, Prescott BE, Wood DL (1976) The deep bue
Mzxixe-type color center in beryl. American Mineralogist 61, 100-107.
- Price DC, Vance ER, Smith G, Edgar A, Dickson BL
(1976) Moessbauer effect studies of beryl. Journal
de Physique, Colloque (1976), 811-817.
- Edgar A, Vance ER (1977) Electron Paramagnetic
Resonance, Optical Absorption, and Magnetic Circular Dichroism Studies
of the Molecular CO3- Ion
in Irradiated Natural Beryl. Physics and Chemisty of Minerals
1, 165-178.
- Parkin KM, Loeffler BM, Burns RG (1977) Mossbauer Spectra
of Kyanite, Aquamarine,
and Cordierite Showing Intervalence Charge Transfer. Physics and
Chemistry of Minerals 1, 301-311.
- Goldman DS, Rossman GR, Parkin KM (1978) Channel
constituents in beryl. Phys Chem Minerals 3, 225-235.
- Platonov AN, Dorfman MD, Taran MN, Taraschan AN (1978)
Spectroscopic investigation of emeralds from various deposites.
Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov 12, 115-121 (in Russian)
- Platonov AN, Taran MN, Minko OE, Polshyn EV (1978) Optical
absorption spectra and nature of color of iron-containing beryls (A)
Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 4, 87-88.
- Ripinen
OI, Solntsev VP, Lokhova GG, Bukin GV, Veis NS (1978) Effect of iron
and chromium ions on the color of beryls.Trudy Zapadno-Sibirskogo
Otdeleniya, Vsesoyuznoe Mineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo 7. 145-154.(in
Russina) .
- Taran
MN, Platonov AN, Kalinichenko AM, Povarennykh AS (1978) Investigation
of Nature of Color of Heliodors from Transbaikal Area. Dopovidi
Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi Rsr Seriya B-Geologichni Khimichni Ta
Biologichni Nauki 5, 415-419. (in Ukranian)
- Marfunin AS (1970) Spectroscopy, Luminescence and
Radiation Centres in Minerals, Springer, Berlin, 1979.
- Platonov AN, Polshin EV, Taran MN (1979) On types of iron
in beryls. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 6,
725-730 (in Russian)
- Platonov AN, Shuriga TN, Ginsburg AI, Polshin EV, Taran MN
(1979) On an example of evolution of colouration of beryls in a process
of formation of the deposit. Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov 13,
32-41 (in Russian)
- Platonov AN, Taran MN, Polshin EV, Minko OE (1979) On
nature of colour of iron-bearing beryls. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR.
Seriya Geologicheskaya 10, 54-68 (in Russian)
- Taran
MN, Platonov AN, Mikhailov MA, Demina TV (1979) Isomorphism of chromium
in ring silicates (according to spectroscopic data). Konstitutsiya i
Svoistva Mineralov 13, 41-45. In Russian
1980s
- Parkin KM, Burns RG (1980) High temperature crystal field spetra
of
transition metal-bearing minerals: Relevance to remote-sensed spetra of
planetary surfaces. Proceedings Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
115th, 731-755.
- Shul'gin BV, Vasilenko MV, Kruzhalov AB,
Loskavenkov AF, Mitrofanov AS (1980) Models of the electronic structure
of some impurity defects in beryl. SPSTL Deposited Doc. 864 khp-D80, 32
pp. in Russian
- Bukin GV, Lokhova GG, Ripinen OI, Veis NS (1981) Effect of
isomorphous impurities on color characteristics of beryls. Issled. Fiz.
Svoistv i Sostava Sintet. Mineralov i Monokristallov, Novosibirsk 1981,
20-28. (in Russian)
- Lokhova
GG, Ripinen OI, Bukin GV, Veis NS (1981) Analysis of the effect of the
quality of beryl specimens being studied on color characteristics.
Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki (Novosibirsk) 499, 89-92. in
Russian.
- Schmetzer K, Bank H (1981) An unusual pleochroism in
zambian emeralds. J Gemmology 17, 443-446.
- Solntsev, V.P., 1981b. Absorption spectra and EPR of trace
impurities in beryllium-containing minerals and their relation to
specimen color. Issled. Fiz.
Svoistv i Sostova Sintet. Mineralov i Monokristallov, Novosibirsk 1981,
37-47 (in Russian)
- Solntsev VP, Kharchenko EI, Lebedev AS, Klyakhim VA, Il'in
AG (1981) Nature of color centers and EPR of a manganese-activated
beryl. Zhurnal Priklandnoj Spektroskopii 34, 114-149 (in Russian)
[Trans: Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 34:111-115]
- Blak AR, Isotani S, Watanabe S (1982) Optical absorption
and electron spin resonance in blue and green natural beryl. Physics
and Chemistry of Minerals 8, 161-166.
- Blak AR, Isotani S, Watanabe S (1982) Optical Absorption and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Studies of Colorless and Pink Beryl. Revista Brasileira de Física 12,
NP 2, 285-292.
- Blak AR, Isotani S, Watanabe S (1983) Optical absorption and
electron spin resonance in blue and green natural beryl: a reply.
Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 9, 279-80
- Lebedev AS, Ilyin AG, Klyakhin VA (1982)
Hydrothermally grown beryls of gem quality. Morphology and Phase
Equlibria of Minerals. International Mineralogical Association meeting,
2, 403-405 (in Russian).
- Lebedev AS, Ilyin AG, Klyakhin VA (1983) Variétés de béryl
"gemme" hydrothermal. Revue de Gemmologie a.f.g 76, 4-5.
- Platonov AN, Taran MN, Balitsky vS (1984): The
nature of gemstones colour. Moscow, Nedra (in Russian).
- Schmetzer K. (1982) Absorptionsspektren und Farben
Vanadium- und Chromhaltiger Minerale. Z. Dt. Gemmol. Ges. 31, 125-130.
- Schmetzer K (1982) Absorptionsspektroskopie und Farbe von V3+-haltigen
natürlichen Oxiden und Silikaten – ein Beitrag zur Kristallchemie des
Vanadiums. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen, 144(1),
73-106
- Shigley JE, Foord EE (1984) Gem-quality red beryl from the
Wah Wah Mountains, Utah. Gems & Gemology 20, 208-221.
- Dias
OL (1983) Optical absorption in irradiated natural
beryl.
INIS Report IFUSP-P-436, 20 p. From: INIS Atomindex
1985,
16(3), Abstr. No. 16:007884
- Bakhtin AI, (1985) Rock-Forming Silicates: Optical Spectra,
Crystal
Chemistry, Coloration, Typomorphism, Kazan State University
Press,
Kazan, 1985 (in Russian).
- Solntsev VP, Bukin GV, Lokhova GG, Veis NS (1985) EPR and
optical absorption spectra of iron-containing beryls. Trudy Instituta
Geologii I Geofiziki (Novosibirsk) 610, 128-134 (in Russian)
- Kennedy SJ (1986) Seiko synthetic emerald. Journal of Gemmology
20, 14-17.
- Lind
T, Schmetzer K, Bank H (1986) Blue and green beryuls (aquamarines and
emeralds) of gem quality from Nigeria. Journal of Gemmology 20, 40-48.
- Ghera A. Lucchesi S (1987) An unusual
vanadium-beryl from Kenya. N Jb. Miner. Mh. 1987, 263-274.
- Scarratt K (1987) Notes from the Laboratory - 11. Journal of
Gemmology 20, 406-422.
- Scarratt K (1987) Notes from the Laboratory - 12. Journal of
Gemmology 20, 131-139.
- Fritsch
E, Rossman GR (1988) An update on color in gems. Part 2: colors
involving multiple atoms and color centers. Gems & Gemology 24,
3–15.
- Isotani
S, Albuquerque ARPL, Dias OL, Furtado WW (1988) Optical absorption in
irradiated natural beryl. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 60,
393-398.
- Rossman
GR (1988) Optical spectroscopy. In: Hawthorne, F.C. (Ed.), Reviews in
Mineralogy, Vol. 18. Spectroscopic methods in mineralogy and geology.
Mineralogical Society of America, 207-254.
- Schmetzer
K (1988) Characterization of Russian hydrothermally-grown synthetic
emeralds. Journal of Gemmology 21, 145-164.
- Schrader HW (1988) Violet emeralds? Journal of Gemmology 21,
237-251.
- Evdokimova OA, Belokoneva EL, Artemenko VV, Dubovskaya VM,
Urusov VS (1989) Location
of impurity cations in synthetic cobalt- and copper-containing beryls
according to precisional x-ray structural analysis, EPR and optical
spectroscopy data. Kristallografiya 34, 723-30. (in
Russian)
- Gübelin EJ (1989) Gemological
characteristics of Pakistani emeralds. In: Kazmi AH & Snee LW (eds)
Emeralds of Pakistan: Geollogy, Gemology and Genesis. Springer, NY, NY,
75-92.
- Isotani
S, Furtado WW, Antonini R, Dias OL (1989) Line-shape and thermal
kinetics analysis of the iron ion(2+) band in Brazilian green beryl.
American Mineralogist 74, 432-438
- Platonov AN, Taran MN, Klyakhin VA (1989) On two colour
types of Mn3+-bearing beryls. Zeitschrift der
Deutschen Gemmologischen Gesellschaft 38, 147-154.
- Taran MN, Klyakhin VA,
Platonov AN, Pol'shin EV, Indutnyi VV (1989) Optical spectra of natural
and artificial iron-containing beryls at 77-297 K. Kristallografiya 34,
1470-1474. ( in Russian) Translation: Soviet Physics
Crystallography 34, 882-884.
1990s
- Rink WJ, Gielisse PJ, Plendl HS (1990) Coloration in
electron-irradiated beryl. Journal of Gemmology 22, 33-37.
- Sanders IS, Doff DH (1991) A blue sodic beryl from
souotheast Ireland. Mineralogical Magazine 55, 167-172.
- Wang
T, Li B (1991) Radiation-induced color change of beryl from Altay
Xinjiang. Fushe Yanjiu Yu Fushe Gongyi
Xuebao 9, 126-128.
in Chinese.
- Blak
AR, McKeever SWS (1993) Optical Absorption and Thermoluminescence in
Natural Beryl. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 47, 95-98.
- Taran MN, Langer K, Platonov AN, Indutny VV. (1994) Optical
Absorption Investigation of Cr3+ Ion-Bearing
Minerals in the Temperature Range 77-797 K. Phys Chem Minerals 21,
360-372.
- Nassau
K (1996) On the identification and fade testing of Maxixe beryl, golden
beryl and green aquamarine. Journal of Gemmology 25,
108-115.
- Schwarz D, Kanis J, Kinnaird J (1996) Emerald and green
beryl from Central Nigeria. J Gemmology 25, 117-141.
- Solntsev VP, Bukin GV (1997) The color of natural beryls
from rare-metal Mozambique pegmatites. Geologiya i Geofizika
38, 1625-1631.
[Trans: Russian Geol Geophys 38:1661-1668]
- Mathew G, Karanth RV, Rao TKG, Deshpande RS (1998)
Maxixe-type
colour centre in natural colourless beryl from Orissa, India: an ESR
and OA investigation. Journal of Gemmology
26, 238-251.
- Henn U, Milisenda CC (1999) Synthetic red beryl from
Russia. Journal of Gemmology 26, 481-486.
- Li X, Yuan K (1999) Mechanism of color variation of
iron-containing beryl. Kuangwu Yanshi 19, 1-4. (in Chinese)
2000s
- Mathew
G, Karanth RV, Rao, TKG, Deshpande RS (2000) Colouration in natural
beryls: A spectroscopic investigation. Journal of the Geological
Society of India 56, 285-303.
- Gaite
JM, Izotov VV, Nikitin SI, Prosvirnin SY (2001) EPR and Optical
Spectroscopy of Impurities in Two Synthetic Beryls. Applied Magnetic
Resonance 20, 307-315.
- Paralusz S (2001) Maxixe-type green-blue beryls with
eye-visible pleochroism. Gems and Gemology 37, 225-227.
- Qi
L, Ye S, Xiang C, Pei J, Luo Y (2001) Color center and coloring
mechanism of irradiated beryl. Dizhi Keji Qingbao 20, 68-72. in
Chinese.
- Taran
MN, Rossman GR (2001) Optical spectra of Co2+ in
three synthetic silicate minerals. American Mineralogist
86, 889-895.
- Taran
MN, Rossman GR (2001) Optical spectroscopic study of tuhualite and a
re-examination of the beryl, cordierite, and osumilite spectra.
American Mineralogist 86, 973-980.
- Braga GCB, Garg VK, de Oliveirar AC, Freitas JA, Kuzmann E,
Garg R (2002) Optical and Mossbauer Study of Brazilian Emeralds. Phys
Stat Sol (a) 184, 36-46.
- Mittani JCR, Watanabe S, Chubaci JFD, Matsuoka M, Baptista
DL, Zawislak FC (2002) Gamma-Radiation effects on colourless silicates
of
beryl. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B
191:281-284.
- Viana RR, jordt-Evangelista H, Magela da Costa G, Stern WB
(2002) Characterization of beryl (aquamarine variety) from pegmatites
of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Physics
and Chemistry of Minerals 29, 668 – 679.
- Khaibulin
RI, Lopatin ON, Vagizov FG, Bazarov VV, Bakhtin AI Khaibulin IB, Aktas
B (2003) Coloration of natural beryl by iron ion implantation. Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 206, 277–281.
- Lagoeiro
L, Graca LM, Jagela G, Persiano AIC, Pinheiro MVB, Krambrock K (2004)
Crystal chemistry of aquamarines: a case study in pegamitites hosted in
migmatites from the NE of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Applies
Mineralogy, Pecchio et al (eds) ICAM-BR Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Peretti A, Armbruster T, Günther D, Grobéty B, Hawthorne FC,
Cooper MA, Simmons WB, Falster AU, Rossman GR, Laurs BM (2004) The
Challenge of the identification of a New Mineral Species: Example
"Pezzottaite" Contributions to Gemology 3.
- Solntsev VP, Tsvetkov EG, Alimpiev, Mashkovtsev RI (2004) Valent
state and coordination of cobalt ions in beryl and chrysoberyl
crystals. Physics
and Chemistry of Minerals 31, 1-11.
- Schmetzer
K, Schwarz D, Bernhardt HJ, Häger T (2006) A new type of Tairus
hydrothermally grown synthetic emerald, coloured by vanadium and
copper.The Journal of Gemmology 30, 59-74.
- Solntsev
VP, Tsvetkov EG, Alimpiev, Mashkovtsev RI (2006) Coordination and
valent state of nickel ions in beryl and chrysoberyl
crystals. Physics
and Chemistry of Minerals 33, 300–313.
- Khomenko VM, Vyshnevskyi OA, Gnelytska ZT, Kamenchuk
VK (2007) Crystal chemistry of beryl from Volyn deposit on
the basis of microprobe analyses, optical and IR spectroscopic
data. Mineralogical Journal (Ukraine) 29, 26–38 (in Ukrainian)..
- Spinolo G, Fontana I, Galli A (2007) Optical absorption
spectra of Fe2+ and Fe3+
in beryl crystals. phys. stat. sol. (b) 244, No. 12,
4660–4668.
- Adamo
I, Pavese A, Prosperi L, Diella
V, Ajò
D, Gatta GD, Smith CP (2008) Aquamarine, Maxixe-type
beryl,
and hydrothermal synthetic blue beryl: Analysis and identification.
Gems & Gemology 44, 214–226.
- Garcia-Lastra JM, Barriuso MT, Aramburu JA, Moreno M (2008)
Microscopic origin of the different colors displayed by MgAl2O4:Cr3+
and emerald. Physical Review B 78, 085117.
- Ibragimova
eM, Mukhamedshina NM, Islamov AK (2009) Correlations between Admixtures
and Color Centers Created upon Irradiation of Natural Beryl Crystals.
Inorganic Materials 45, 162–167.
2010s
- Chen
W, Gu H, Liu J, Wang F, Ma D, Zhu R (2010) Electrolytic coloration and
spectral properties of natural beryl crystals. Physica B 405,
331-334.
- Groat LA, Rossman GR, Dyar MD, Turner D, Piccoli
PMB, Schultz AJ, Ottolinin L (2010) Crystal chemistry of
dark blue aquamarine from the True Blue showing, Yukon Territory,
Canada. Canadian Mineralogist 48 , 597–613. https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.48.3.597
- Isotani
S, Blak AR, Watanabe S (2010) UV optical absorption spectra analysis of
beryl crystals from Brazil. Physica B405, 1501–1508.
- Khomenko VM, Savchuk YeO, Vyshnevskyi OA, Dovbnya
NA (2010) Influence of irradiation on state of Fe-ions in Volyn
beryl. Proceedings of the Ukrainian Mineralogical Society
7, 64–71.
- Platonov
AN, Kupriyanova II, Taran MN (2012) Fe-bearing beryls: isomorphic
series, crystal chemistry of Fe ions, optical absorption spectra and
their typomorphic significance. Mineralogichnii Zhurnal 34,
81-93. In Russian
- Lin
J, Chen N, Huang D, Pan Y (2013) Iron pairs in beryl: New insights from
electron paramagnetic resonance, synchrotron X-ray absorption
spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations. American Mineralogist 98,
1745–1753.
- Saeseaw S, Pardieu
V, Sangsawong S (2014) Three-Phase Inclusions in Emerald and
Their
Impact on Origin Determination. Gems &
Gemology 50,
114–132.
- Fridrichová J, Bačík P, Rusinová
P, Antal P, Škoda R, Bizovská
V, Miglierini M
(2015) Optical and crystal‑chemical changes in aquamarines
and
yellow beryls from Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam induced by heat
treatment. Physics
and Chemistry of Minerals 42, 287–302.
- Skvortsova V,
Mironova-Ulmane N, Trinkler L, Merkulov V (2015) Optical properties of
natural and synthetic beryl crystals. IOP Conference Series: Materials
Science and Engineering (2015), 77(12th Russia/CIS/Baltic/Japan
Symposium on Ferroelectricity and 9th International Conference on
Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies, (2014), 012034/1-012034/5.
- Chankhantha
C, Thanasuthipitak P, Kidkhunthod P (2016) Iron K-Edge Xanes Study of
Heated Green Beryl from Madagascar. Walailak Journal of Science
&
Technology 13, 977-983.
- Platonov AN, Khomenko VM, Taran Mn (2016) Crystal
chemistry, optical spectra and color of beryl. I. Heliodor and golden
beryl – two varieties of natural yellow beryl. Mineralogical Journal
(Ukraine) 38, 3–14. (in Russian).
- Czaja M, Lislecki R,
Chrobak A, Sitko R, Mazurak (2018) The absorption- and luminescence
spectra of Mn3+ in beryl and vesuvianite. Physics and Chemistry of
Minerals 45, 475–488.
- Fridrichová J, Bačík P, Ertl A, Wildner M, Dekan J,
Miglierini M (2018) Jahn–Teller distortion of Mn3+-occupied
octahedra in red beryl from Utah indicated by optical spectroscopy.
Jorunal of Molecular Structure 1152, 79–86.
- Taran MN, Dyar MD, Khomenko VM (2018)
Spectroscopic study of synthetic hydrothermal Fe3+-bearing beryl.
Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 45, 489–496.
- Anderson LO (2019) Comments on Beryl Colors and on Other
Observations Regarding Iron-containing Beryls. Canadian Mineralogist
57, 551-556.
- Hu Y, Lu R (2019) Unique Vanadium-Rich Emerald From Malipo,
China. Gems & Gemology 55,
338–352.
- Karampelas S, Al-Shaybani B,
Mohamed F, Sangsawong S, Al-Alawi A (2019) Emeralds from the most
important
occurrences: Chemical and spectroscopic data. Minerals 9, 561.
- Laurs BM, Rossman GR (2019) Dark blue beryl from Pakistan.
The Journal of Gemmology 36, 583-584.
- Sripoonjan T (2019) Aquamarine from Southern Ethiopia: An
update. The Journal of Gemmology 36, 497-499.
- Taran MN, Vyshnevskyi OA (2019) Be, Fe2+-
substitution in natural beryl: an optical absorption spectroscopy
study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 46, 795-806.
2020s
- Bunnag N, Kasri B, Setwong W, Sirisurawong E, Chotsawat M,
Chirawatkul P, Saiyasombat C (2020) Study of Fe ions in aquamarine and
the effect of dichroism as seen using UV–Vis, NIR and x-ray. Radiation
Physics and Chemistry 177, 109107
- Cooper A, Sun Z, Hand D, Renfro N (2020) Unusual violet
Maxixie beryl. Gems & Gemology 56. 439-440.
- Cui
D, Liao Z, Qi L, Zhong Q, Zhou Z (2020) A Study of Emeralds from
Davadar, North-Western China. The Journal of Gemmology 37, 374-392.
- Franz G, Vyshnevskyi O, Taran M, Khomenko V, Wiedenbeck M,
Schiperski
F, Nissen J (2020) A new emerald occurrence from Kruta Balka, Western
Peri-Azovian region, Ukraine: Implications for understanding the
crystal chemistry of emerald. American Mineralogist 105, 162–181.
- Guo
H, Yu X, Zheng Y, Sun Z, Ng MFY (2020) Inclusion and trace element
characteristics of emeralds from Swat Valley, Pakistan.
Gems &
Gemology 56, 336–355.
- Hu Y, Lu R (2020) Color Characteristics of Blue to Yellow
Beryl From Multiple
Origins. Gems & Gemology 56, 54-65.
- Pardieu
V, Sangsawong S, Cornuz L, Raynaud V, Luetrakulprawat (2020) Update on
Emeralds from the Mananjary-Irondro Area, Madagcascar. The Journal of
Gemmology 37, 416-425.
- Krzemicki MS, Wng HAO, Büche S (2021) A New Type of
Emerald from Afghanistan's Panhshir Valley. The Journal of Gemmology
37, 474-495.
- Cao SQ, Dai H, Wang Cw, Yu L, Zuo R, Wang F, Guo Lq (2022) Gemolgical and Spectral
Characteristics of Emeralds From Swat Valley, Pakistan. Spectroscopy
and Spectral Analysis 42, 3533-3540. (in Chinese)Gemological and
Spectroscopic Characteristics of “Jedi” Spinel
from Man Sin, MyanmarGemological and Spectroscopic Characteristics of “Jedi” Spinel
from Man Sin, Myanmar
- Hanser
CS, Gul B, Häger T, Botcharnikov R (2022) Emerald from the Chitral
Region, Pakistan: A New Deposit. The Journal of Gemmology 38, 234-252.
- Shang Y, Guo Y, Tang J (2022) Spectroscopy and chromaticity characterization of
yellow to light-blue iron-containing beryl. Scientific Reports 12,
10765. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11916-z
- Wang
H, Guan Q, Liu Y, Guo Y (2022) Effects of Transition Metal Ions on the
Colour of Blue-Green Beryl. Minerals 12, 86.
doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11916-z
- Yang
YL, Shen AH, Fan YR, Huang WZ, Pei JC (2022) UV-VIS-NIR characteristics
of V-rich Synthetic Emeralds. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis 42, 1199 -1203. (In
Chinese)
- Zellagui R (2022) Afghan Emerald with Phenomenon. The
Journal of Gemology 38, 115-117.
- Andersson
LO (2023) A Review of - and Proposed Explanation for - the Aquamarine
(Blue to Green) and Yellow Colouration in Iron-bearing Beryl. The
Journal of Gemmology 38, 762-772. https://doi.org/10.15506/jog.2023.38.8.762
- Franz
G, Vyshnevskyi OA, Khomenko VM, Lyckberg P, Gernert U (2023) Etch Pits
in Helidor and Green Beryl From the Volyn Pegmatites, Northwest
Ukraine: A Diagnostic Feature.Gems & Gemology 59, 324-339.
- Gao R, Chen Q, Li Y, Huang H (2023) Update on Emeralds from Kagem Mine, Kafubu Area, Zambia. Minerals 2023, 13(10), 1260; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13101260
- Guo Y, Sun X, Zhao Y, Deng K (2023) Aquamarine with zigzag growth line inclusinos. Geme & Gemology 59, 394-395.
- Hanser CS, Hӓger T, Botcharnikov R, Stephan T, Gul B (2023) Comparison
of Emeralds from the Chitral District, Pakistan, with other Pakistani
and Afghan Emeralds. Journal of Gemmology 38, 561-599
- Peng L, Segers M, Yang M (2023) Emerald and Green Beryl from Shaanxi Province, China. The Journal of Gemmology 38, 648-650.
- Taran MM, Vyshnefski OA (2023) Spatial Distribution of Fe2+ in the tetrahedral structural position of Be2+ in crystals of natural beryl. Mineralogical Journal (Ukraine) 45, 16-31.
- Zhang C. Chen C. Li Z, Shen AH (2023) Chemical Composition and
Spectroscopic Characteristics of Alexandrite Effect Apatite from the
Akzhailyau Mountains of Kazakhstan. Minerals 13, 1139.
https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091139
- Zhang Y, Yu X (2023) Spectroscopy and Trace-Element Characteristics of
Emeralds from Kamakanga, Zambia. Crystals 2023, 13, 1605.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13111605
- Karampelas S, Gaillou E, Hennebois U, Herreweghe A, Maouche F,
Sainte Beuve BM, Nectoux D, Delaunay A (2024) Study of an ‘Egyptian’
Emerald from the Mineralogy Museum at the Paris School of Mines.
Journal of Gemmology 39, 78-83.
- Hanser CS, Häger T, Botcharnikov R (2024) Incorporation and substitution of ions and H2O in the structure of beryl. European Journal of Mineralogy 36, 449-472.
- Henry RH (2024) Beryl from Newfoundland, Canada. Gems & Gemology 60, 123-125.
- Stephan
T, Li X, Lind T, Hutanu V (2024) Gamma Spectroscopy - A Possible
Identification Method for the Artificial Irradiation of Morganite. The
Journal of Gemmology, 39, 146–159.
- Zheng,Y-Y, Yu,X-Y, Xu B, Gao Y-J (2024) Characterizing Malysheva Emeralds (Urals, Russia) by Microscopy, Spectroscopy, Trace
Element Chemistry, and Machine Learning. Crystals 2024, 14, 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14080683