Optical Spectra of Feldspars

Reviews     

• Vokhmentsev AY, Nalivkin AB, Kholodok NI, Belova AN (1972) Correlation of color and optical spectra with the constitution of potassium feldspars.  Tatarinov PM (ed.) Kristallogr. Mineral., Tr. Fedorovskoi Yubileinoi Sess. (1972), 177-81. (in Russian)
• Hofmeister AM, Rossman GR (1983) Color in feldspars. In: PH Ribbe, ed., Feldspars. Reviews in Mineralogy 2, 2d ed., 271-280.
• Vokhmentsev AY, Ostroumov MN, Marin YB, Platonov AN, Popov VA, Tarashchan AN, Shmakin BM. (1989) Amazonite. Nedra, 192 p. ISBN 5-247-01107-4. In Russian..
• Platonov AN (2005) Origin of the color of rock-forming feldspars. Mineralogichnii Zhurnal 27:90-101 (in Russian)                 

Amazonite -  Pb, radiation      

• Arnaudov V, Pavlova M, Petrusenko S (1967) Lead content in certain amazonites. Izvestiya na Geologicheskiya Institut, Bulgarska Akademiya na Naukite 16, 41-44. [in Bulgarian]
• Plyusnin GS (1969) Color of amazonites. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 98, 3-17. (in Russian)
• Cech F, Misar Z, Povondra P (1971) Green lead-containing orthoclase. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 15, 213-231.
• Tarashchan AN, Serebrennikov AI, Platonov AN (1973) Luminescence of lead ions in amazonite. Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov 7, 106-111. (in Russian)
• Ostroumov MN, Vochmentsev AY, Platonov AN, Taran MN, Taraschan AN, Taran MN (1976) Nature of amazonite color.  Abakumova NB, editor. Fiz. Miner. Probl. Tipomorfizma, Mater. Vses. Konf. (1976), 52-65. (In Russian)
• Ostroumov MN, Vochmentsev AY, Platonov AN, Taran MN, Taraschan AN (1976) On nature of colour of amazonite. In: Physics of Minerals and Problems of Typomorphism. Leningrad, Nedra, 52-65. (in Russian)
• Foord EE, Martin RF (1979) Amazonite from the Pikes Peak batholith. Mineralogical Record 10, 373-380; 382-384.
• Platonov AN, Tarashchan AN, Taran MN (1984) Color centers in amazonites. Mineralogicheskiy Zhurnal 6, 3-16. (in Russian)
• Hofmeister AM, Rossman GR (1985) A spectroscopic study of amazonite: irradiative coloration of structurally hydrous Pb-bearing feldspar. American Mineralogist 70, 794-804.
• Hofmeister AM, Rossman GR (1986) A spectroscopic study of blue radiation coloring in plagioclase. American Mineralogist 71, 95-98.
• Stevenson RK, Martin RF (1986) Implications of the presence of amazonite in the Broken Hill and Geco metamorphosed sulfide deposits. The Canadian Mineralogist 24, 729-745.
• Ostroumov MN, Vochmentsev AY, Marin YB, Platonov AN, Tarashchan AN (1988) Typomorphism of amazonite. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 10, 3-11. (in Russian)
• Platonov AN, Taran MN, Platonova EA (1989) A new type of irradiative colour of green microclines. Doklady Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR, Seriya B:  Geologicheskie, Khimicheskie i Biologicheskie Nauki 3: 16-20. (in Russian)
• Vokhmentsev AY, Ostroumov MN, Marin YB, Platonov AN, Popov VA, Tarashchan AN, Shmakin BM. (1989) Amazonite. Nedra, 192 p. ISBN 5-247-01107-4. In Russian..
• Mineeva RM, Bershov LV, Marfunin AS, Petrov I, Hafner S (1992) The dimers (lead-lead)3+ in amazonite structure (in Russian). Geokhimiya 1992, 1149-59.
• Petrov I, Mineeva RM, Bershov LV, Andreas A (1993) EPR of [Pb-Pb]³⁺ mixed valence pairs in amazonite-type microcline. American Mineralogist 78, 500-510.
• Julg A (1998) A theoretical study of the absorption spectra of Pb⁺ and Pb³⁺ in site K+ of microcline: application to the color of amazonite. Phys Chem Minerals (1998) 25, 229-233.
• Murakami H, Takashima I, Nishida N, Shimoda S, Matsubara S (2000) Solubility and behavior of lead in green orthoclase (amazonite) from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. Ganko 95, 71-84.
• Pribavkin SV, Votyakov SL (2004) Amazonite-​bearing pegmatites of Shartash massif (central Urals)​: mineralogy, petrogenesis.Zapiski Vserossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 133, 10-20. (In Russian)
• Ostrooumov M, Banerjee A (2005) Typomorphic features of amazonitic K-feldspar from the Keivy granitic pegmatite (Kola Peninsula, Russia). Schweizerische Mineralogische  und Petrographische  Mitteilungen 85, 89-102.
• Szuzkiewicz A, Körber T (2010) "Amazonit" oder "Grüner Mikroklin"? Zur Ursache der Grünfärbung von Kalifeldspäten aus dem Striegauer Granit. Lapis 35, 75-77; 86. (in German)
• Lupashko TM, Tarashchan AN, Ilchenko KO, Grechanovskaya ОЄ, Semenenko MP (2023) Crystal Chemical Features of Green and Light-blue Amazonite and Geochemical aspects of their formation process. Mineralogical Journal Ukraine 45. 21-40 (in Ukranian)
    

Radiation Colors   

• Speit B, Lehmann G (1976) Hole centers in the feldspar sanidine. physica status solidi A36, 471-481.
• Speit B, Lehmann G (1982) Radiation Defects in Feldspars. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 8, 77-82.
• Hofmeister AM, Rossman GR (1985c) A model for the irradiative coloring of smoky feldspar and the inhibiting influence of water. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 12, 324-332.
• Hofmeister AM, Rossman GR (1986) A spectroscopic study of blue radiation coloring in plagioclase. American Mineralogist 71, 95-98.    
  

Iron  

• Melankholin NM (1948) Two types of coloring of ferruginous feldspars. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (1948), 60, 645-8.   
• Faye GH (1969) The optical absorption spectrum of tetrahedrally-bonded Fe³⁺ in orthoclase. Canadian Mineralogist 10, 112-117 .
• Manning PG (1970) Rach Parameters and their Relationship to Lengths and Covalencies of Mn²⁺- and Fe³⁺-Oxygen Bonds in Silicates. Canadian Mineralogist 10, 677-688
• Bell PM, Mao HK (1972) Crystal-field studies of lunar samples. Carnegie Inst of Washington Yearbook 71, 480-489.
• Bell PM, Mao HK (1973) Optical and chemical analysis of iron in Luna 20 plagioclase. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 37, 755-759
• Bell PM, Mao HK (1973) Measurements of the polarized crystal-field spectra of ferrous and ferric iron in seven terrestrial plagioclases. Carnegie Inst Washington Yearbook 72, 574-576
• Bell PM, Mao HK (1973) Optical absorption studies of the Russian Luna 20 soil. Carnegie Inst Washington Yearbook 72, 656-665.
• Mao HK, Bell PM (1973) Polarized crystal-field spectra of microparticles of the moon. In : Analytical Methods Developed for applicaton to Lunar Sample Analyses. American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM STP 539, 100-119.
• Reddy BJ, Sarma KBN (1980) Optical absorption spectrum of iron(3+) in orthoclase feldspar. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, Part A:  Physical Sciences 46, 176-80. 
• Hofmeister AM, Rossman GR (1984) Determination of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ concentrations in feldspar by optical and EPR spectroscopy. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 11, 213-224.
• White WB, matsumura M, Linnehan DG, Furukawa T, Chandrasekhar BK (1986) Absorption and luminescence of iron ion(3+) in single-​crystal orthoclase. American Mineralogist 71, 1415-9.     
• Anand SV, Pandian MS, Mithira S, Ravikumar RVSSN, Rao PS (2009) EPR and optical absorption characteristics of sodic plagioclase from granite pegmatite in Kadavur, India. Radiation Effects & Defects in Solids 164, 726–736.
• Anbalagan G, Sankari G, Ponnusamy S, Kumar RT, Gunasekaran S (2009) Investigation of silicate mineral sanidine by vibrational and NMR spectroscopic methods. Spectrochimica Acta Part A 74, 404–409, 
• Cano NF, dos Santos LHE, Chubaci JFD, Watanabe S (2015) Study of luminescence, color and paramagnetic centers properties of albite. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 137, 471-476.  

Copper - Sunstone

• Hofmeister AM, Rossman GR (1985) Exsolution of metallic copper from Lake county labradorite. Geology 13, 644-647.
• Abduriyim A (2009) The characteristics of red andesine from the Himalaya Highland, Tibet. The Journal of Gemmology 31, 283-298.
• Abduriyim. A (2009)  A Mine Trip to Tibet and Inner Mongolia: Gemological Study of Andesine Feldspar. News from Research. Sept. 10, 2009. http://www.gia.edu/research-resources/news-from-research. 
• Rossman, G.R. (2011) The Chinese red feldspar controversy: Chronology of research through July 2009. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 16–30.
• Susawee N,Sutthirat C (2014) Natural and Treated Red Feldspar. Bulletin of Earth Sciences of Thailand 6, 51-66.
• Kiefert L, Wang C, Sintayehu T, Link K (2020) Sunstone labradorite-bytonite from Ethiopia. The Journal of Gemmology 35, 694-696. 
  
• Jin S, Sun Z, Palke AC (2022)   Color effects of Cu nanoparticles in Cu-bearing plagioclase felldspars. American Mineralogist. 107, 2188-2200.
  
• Zhou Q, Wang C, Shen AH (2022) Copper Nanoparticles Embedded in Natural Plagioclase Mineral Crystals: In SItu Formation and third-Order Nonlinerarity. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 126, 387-395.
• Zhou Q, Wang C, Shen AH (2022) High-Temperature Diffusion of Cu²⁺ Ions into Natural platioclase Crystals: the Role of Li₂O. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 126, 12244-12250. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c03088
• Zhou Q, Wang C, Shen AH (2022) Application of High-Temperature Copper Diffusion in Surface Recoloring of Faceted Labradorites. Minerals 12, 920.  https://doi.org/10.3390/min12080920
• Jin S, Palke AC, Renfro ND, Sun Z (2023) Special Colors and Optical Effects of Oregon Sunstone: Absorption, Scattering, Pleochroism, and Color Zoning.Gems & Gemology 59, 298-323.
•  Shang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou Q (2024) Identification of Some Gem-Quality Red and Green Feldspars. Crystals 14, 409. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14050409
  

Irridescence

• Rayleigh L (1923) Studies of iridescent color and the structure producing it. III. The colors of Labrador feldspar. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (1923), 103, 34-45.
• Bolton HC, Bursill LA, McLaren AC, Turner RG (1966) On the origin of the colour of labradorite. physica status solidi 18, 221-230.

Microinclusions     

• Melankholin NM (1948) Two types of coloring of ferruginous feldspars. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (1948), 60, 645-8.
• Platonov AN, Platonova EA, Geleta OL (2000) Optical spectroscopic and colorimetric investigation of rock-forming microcline with iron oxide microinclusions. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 22:3-7.
• Putnis A. Hinrichs R, Putnis CV, Golla-Schindler U, Collins LG (2007) Hematite in porous red-clouded feldspars: Evidence of large-scale crustal fluid–rock interaction. Lithos 95, 10-18/