Optical Spectra of Kyanite

• Deutschbein O (1934) Die linienhafte Emission und Absorption der Chromphosphore. Annalen der Physik (Leipzig) 20, 828-837.
  

• Grumm-Grzhimailo SV, Enikeeva MG (1957) On the vibrational structure of optical absorption spectra of crystals, coloured by isomorphic admixtures. Crystallography 2, 186-189. (in Russian)
  
• Grum-Grzhimailo SV (1958) The color of idiochromatic minerals. Zapiski Vserossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 87, 129-50. (in Russian)
  

• White EW, White WB (1967) Electron microbe and optical absorption study of coloured kyanites. Science 158, 915-917. 
• Faye GH, Nickel EH (1969) On the origin of colour and pleochroism of kyanite. Canadian Mineralogist 10, 35-46

• Faye GH (1971) On the optical spectra of di- and trivalent iron in corundum: A discussion. American Mineralogist 56, 344-348. 
• Langer K (1976) Synthetic 3d-transition metal bearing kyanites (Al_2Ÿ-xM_x)SiO₅. In: Strens RGJ (ed) The physics and chemistry of minerals and rocks. Wiley, New York, pp 389-402.
  
• Smith G, Strens RGJ (1976) Intervalence transfer absorption in some silicate, oxide and phosphate minerals. In: Strens, RGJ, ed, The Physics of Minerals and Rocks. Wiley, New York. pp. 583-612.
  
•  Sviridov DT, Sviridova RK, Smirnov JuF (1976) Optical spectra of transition metal ions in crystals. Nauka, Moscow.  (in Russian)
• Langer K, Abu-Eid RM (1977) Measurement of the polarized absorption spectra of synthetic transition metal-bearing silicate microcrystals in the spectral range 44,000-4,000 cm^-1. Phys Chem Minerals 1, 273-299. 
• Bakhtin AI (1978) Optical absorption spectra and coloration of kyanite. Konst Svoystva Mineral (Constitution and properties of minerals) 12, 61-65 (in Russian).

• Bosshart G, Frank E, Hänni HA, Barot N (1982) Blue colour-changing kyanite from East Africa. Journal of Gemmology 18, 205-212.
• Schmetzer K (1982) Absorptionsspektroskopie und Farbe vokn V³⁺-haltigen natūrlichen Oxiden und Silikaten - ein Beitrag zur Kristallchemie des Vanadiuiims. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen 144, 73-106.
  
• Bakhtin AI (1985) Rock-forming silicates: optical absorption spectra, crystal chemistry, colour, typomorphism. Kazan Univeristy Edn, Kazan. (in Russian)
• Platonov AN, Taran MN, Sobolev NV, Matsuk SS, Specius ZV (1985) Optical absorption spectra and the color of natural specimens of chromium-containing kyanite. Mineralogichesky Zhurnal 7, 22-30. (in Russian) 
• Ghera A, Graziani G, Lucchesi S (1986) Uneven distribution of blue colour in kyanite. N Jb Mineral Abh 155, 109-127. 
• Langer K (1988) UV to NIR spectra of silicate minerals obtained by microscope spectrometry and their use in mineral thermodynamics and kinetics. In: Salje EKH(ed.) Physical Properties and Thermodynamic Behaviour of Minerals, 639-685. D. Reidel Pub. Co.
• Petrushenko S, Matsyuk SS, Platonov AN (1988) Typification of kyanites based on their optical spectra and color. Geokhimiya, Mineralogiya i Petrologiya, 24, 18-27. (in Russian)
• Rossman GR (1988) Optical Spectroscopy. In: F.C. Hawthorne, ed., Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology. Reviews in Mineralogy 18, 207-254. 
• Vishnevskii VN, Kulik LN (1988) Spectral properties of aluminum oxide silicate (Al₂OSiO₄) single crystals in the 4-​24 eV range. Optika i Spektroskopiya 65, 326-8. In Russian

• Platonov AN, Langer K, Matsuk SS, Taran MN, Hu X (1991) Iron(2+)​-​titanium(4+) charge-​transfer in garnets from mantle eclogites. European Journal of Mineralogy 3, 19-26.
• Platonov AN, Tarashchan AN, Langer K (1993) New data about spectroscopic properties of Cr³⁺ ions in kyanite. Mineralogichesky Zhurnal 15, 12-21 (in Russian)
• Taran MN (1993) Optical spectra of Cr³⁺- ​containing minerals in the temperature range 77-​797 K. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 15, 46-53. In Russian    
• Taran MN (1993) Optical absorption spectra of chromium(3+)​-​containing minerals at pressures up to 8 GPa. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 15, 18-26. In Russian 
• Czaja M, Mazurak Z, Lukowiak, E (1995) Spectroscopic properties and crystal-field analysis of Cr³⁺ ions in kyanite Al₂SiO₅. Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii 62, 44-52. 
• Langer K, Taran MN, Platonov AN (1997) Compression of moduli of Cr³⁺-centered octahedra in a variety of oxygen-based rock-forming minerals. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24, 109-114.
• Platonov AN, Tarashchan AN, Langer K, Andrut M, Partzsch G, Matsyuk SS (1998) Electronic absorption and luminescence studies of kyanite single crystals: differentiation between excitation of FeTi charge transfer and Cr³⁺ dd transitions. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25, 203-212. 

• Souza SO, Selvin PC, Watanabe S (2003) Thermally stimulated luminescence, optical absorption and EPR studies on kyanite crystals. Journal of Luminescence 102-103, 575-580. 

• Gaft M, Nagli L, Panczer G, Rossman GR, Reisfeld R (2011) Laser-​induced time-​resolved luminescence of orange kyanite Al₂SiO₅. Optical Materials 33, 1476-1480.
• Wildner M, Beran A, Koller F (2013) Spectroscopic characterisation and crystal field calculations of varicoloured kyanites from Loliondo, Tanzania. Mineralogy & Petrology 107, 289-310.
• Zwaan JC (2014) Blue kyanite from Tanzania. The Journal of Gemmology 34, 198-200.