Optical spectra of Olivines

Fayalite, Fe₂SiO₄ 

• Marfunin AS, Mineeva RM, Mkrtchyan AR, Nyussik YM, Fedorov VE (1967) Optical and Moessbauer spectroscopy of iron in rock-​forming silicates. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya (1967), 86-102. (In Russian)
• Burns RG (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p80-84. .
• Mao HK, Bell PM (1974) Crystal-field effects of ferric iron in goethite and lepidocrocite: band assignment and geochemical applications at high pressure. Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook 73, 502-507.
• Mao HK, Bell PM (1974) Crystal-field effects in spinel: oxidation states of iron and chromium. Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook 73, 332-341. 
• Mao HK, Bell PM (1974) Crystal field effects of trivalent titanium in fassaite from the Pueble de Allende meteorite. Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook 73, 488-492.
• Abu-Eid RM (1976) Absorption spectra of transition metal-bearing minerals at high pressures. In: The Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Rocks. Strens RGJ, ed, J Wiley, New York, p 641-675.
• Mao HK (1976) Charge-transfer processes at high pressure. In: The Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Rocks. RGJ Strens, ed., J Wiley, New York, p. 573-581.
• Sung CM, Singer RB, Parkin KM, Burns RG (1977) Temperature dependence of Fe²⁺ crystal-field spectra,  implications to mineralogical mapping of planetary surfaces. Proc 8th Lunar Sci Conf, Pergamon Press, New York, pp1063-1079.
• Smith G, Langer K (1982) Single crystal spectra of olivines in the range 40,000 - 50,000 cm^-1 at pressures up to 200 kbars. American Mineralogist 67, 343-348.
• Cemic L, Grammenopoulou-Bilal S, Langer K (1986) A microscope-spectrometric method for determining small Fe³⁺ concentrations due to Fe³⁺-bearing defects in fayalite. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 90, 654-661.
• Gonschorek W (1986) Electron density and polarized absorption spectra of fayalite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13, 337-339.
• Ullrich K, Langer K, Becker KD (2002) Temperature dependence of the polarised electronic absorption spectra of olivines, part I Fayalite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29, 409–419
• Hålenius U, Bosi F, Skogby H (2007) Galaxite, MnAl₂O₄, a spectroscopic standard for tetrahedrally coordinated Mn²⁺ in oxygen-based mineral structures. American Mineralogist 92, 1225-1231

 Forsterite, Mg₂SiO₄                           

• Grum-Grzhimailo SV (1958) The color of idiochromatic minerals. Zapiski Vserossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 87, 129-50. (in Russian)
• Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Rovsha VS (1960) The color of diamond accessory minerals.Materialy Vses. Nauchn.Issled. Geol. Inst. 40, 57-64. (In Russian) 
• White WB, Keester KL (1966) Optical absorption spectra of iron in the rock-forming silicates. American Mineralogist 51, 774-791.
• Marfunin AS, Mineeva RM, Mkrtchyan AR, Nyussik YM, Fedorov VE (1967) Optical and Moessbauer spectroscopy of iron in rock-​forming silicates. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya (1967), 86-102. (In Russian)
• Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Boksha ON, Varina TM (1969) Olivine absorption spectrum. Kristallografiya 14, 339-42. (In Russian)
• Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Boksha ON, Varina TM (1969) Absorption spectrum of olivine. Soviet Physics and Crystallography, USSR 14, 272-. (In Russian)
  
• Burns RG (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Burns RG (1970) The crystal field spectra and evidence of cation ordering in olivine minerals. American Mineralogist 55, 1608-1632   
• Bell and Mao (1971)
• Bell PM, Mao HK (1972) Crystal-field studies of lunar samples. Carnegie Inst of Washington Yearbook 71, 480-489.
• Scheetz BE, White WB (1972) Synthesis and optical absorption spectra of Cr²⁺ containing silicates. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 37, 221-227.
• Bell PM, Mao HK (1973) Optical absorption studies of the Russian Luna 20 soil. Carnegie Inst Washington Yearbook 72, 656-665.
• Runciman WA, Sengupta D, Gourley JT (1973) The polarized spectra of iron in silicates: II. Olivine. American Mineralogist 58, 451-456.
• Burns RG (1974) The polarized spectra of iron in silicates: Olivine. A discussion of neglected contributions from Fe²⁺ ions in M(1) sites. American Mineralogist 59, 625-629.
• Burns RG (1974) On the occurrence and stability of divalent chromium in olivines included in diamonds. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 51, 213-221.
• Runciman WA, Sengupta D, Gourley JT (1974) The polarized spectra of iron in silicates: II. Olivine: a reply. American Mineralogist 59, 630-631.
• Weeks RA, Pigg JC, Finch CB (1974) Charge-transfer spectra of Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺ in synthetic forsterite. American Mineralogist 59, 1259-1266.
• Wood BJ (1974) Crystal field spectrum of Ni²⁺ in olivine. American Mineralogist 59, 244-248.
• Hazen RM, Mao HK, Bell PM (1977) Effects of compositional varation on absorption spectra of lunar olivines. Proc. 8th Lunar Sci. Conf., Pergamon Press, New York, 1081-1090.
• Hazen RM, Bell PM, Mao HK (1977) Comparison of absorption spectra of lunar and terrestrial olivines. Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook 76, 508-512.
• Platonov AN, Taran MN, Kharkiv AD, Botkunov AI, Bukanov VV (1977) Color characteristics of jewelry-grade chrysolites from the USSR deposits. Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov 11, 41-49. In Russian
• Abu-Eid RM, Langer K (1978) Single-​crystal UV spectra of olivine (fayalite) up to 37000 cm^-​1 at elevated pressures. Naturwissenschaften 65, 256-257.   
• Burns RG, Sung CM (1978) The effect of crystal field stabilization on the olivine - spinel transition in the system Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 2, 349-364.
• Shankland TJ, Nitsan U, Duba AG (1979) Optical absorption and radiative heat transport in olivine at high temperature. J GeoPhys Res 84, 1603-1610.
• Rager H, Weiser G (1981) Polarized absorption spectra of trivalent chromium in forsterite, Mg₂SiO₄. Bull Minéral 104, 603-609.
• Rager H, Hosoya S, Weiser G (1988) Electron paramagnetic resonance and polarized optical absorption spectra of Ni2+ in synthetic forsterite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 15, 383-389.
• Taran MN, Matsuk SS, Bondar YV (1991) Optical spectra and composition of olivine and spinel from the Marialakhti and Eagle Station pallasites. Geochem International 28, 110-118 Trans. from Geokhimiya 4, 573-582.
• Hiroi T, Takeda H (1992) Crystal-Field Theory Calculations for Fe²⁺ Ions in Bronzite, Augite and Olivine. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 19, 229-235.
  
• Khisina NR, Langer K, Partzsch G (1992) Effect of Fe³⁺-Bearing Point Defects on the UV-Spectra of two Natural Olivines. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 18, 514-516.
• Taran MN (1993) Optico-Spectroscopic Study of Natural Iron-Containing Olilvine, Ortho- and Clinopyroxenes at 24-300°C. Energy of Stabilization by Crystal Field and Interposition Distribution of Fe²⁺ ions. МИНЕРАЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ (Mineralogical Journal) 42-53. (in Russian)
  
• Bakhtin AI, Denisov IG, Lopatin ON (1996) Features of the crystal chemistry construction of natural olivines. Kristallografiya 41, 1041-1043.
• Hålenius U, Bosi F, Skogby H (2007) Galaxite, MnAl₂O₄, a spectroscopic standard for tetrahedrally coordinated Mn²⁺ in oxygen-based mineral structures. American Mineralogist 92, 1225–1231.
• Tang W, Guo Y, Ma L (2012) Influence of Fe²⁺ on the Color Appearance of Yellow-Green Peridot. Key Engineering Materials 492, 370-373. 
  
• Hanus R, Stubna J (2017) Colourless forsterite from Vietnam. Journal of Gemmology 35, 288-289. 
• Zhang Z, Ye M, Shen AH (2019) Characterisation of Peridot from China's Jilin Province and from North Korea. The Journal of Gemmology 36, 436-446. 
• Hanus R (2004) Peridot from the Kugda Massif, Taymyr Region, Siberia. The Journal of Gemmology 39, 18-20.
• Li J, Zhao Y, Xu B (2024)Gemological and Chemical Characterization of Gem-Grade Peridot from Yiqisong, Jilin Province. Crystals 14, 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14080689    
• Schwarzinger C (2024) Peridot from Tanzania. The Journal of Gemmology 39. 206-208.
  

Co-olivines

• Schmitz-DuMont O, Friebel C (1967) Color and constitution in inorganic solids.  XV. Absorption of bivalent cobalt in olivine-type silicates. Monatshefte fuer Chemie (1967), 98, 1583-602. In German.
• Ulrich K, Ott O, Langer K, Becker KD (2004) Temperature dependence of the polarized electronic absorption spectra of olivines. Part II—Cobalt-containing olivines. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals (2004) 31, 247–260.
• Shi J, Ebbinghaus SG, Becker KD (2008) Temperature-jump induced cation exchange kinetics in (Co0.1Mg0.9)2SiO4 olivine: an in situ optical spectroscopic study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals (2008) 35, 1–9.
• Shi J, Dlugocz S, Ganschow S, Ebbinghaus SG, Becker KD (2010)  Optical in-situ spectroscopy of high-temperature properties of olivines. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials  226, issue 1.  

Cr-olivines

• Jia W, Liu H, Jaffe S, Yen WM (1991) Spectroscopy of Cr³⁺ and Cr⁴⁺ ions in forsterite. Physical Review B 43, 5234–5242
• Rager H, Taran M, Khomenko V (1991) Polarized optical absorption spectra of synthetic chromium doped Mg₂SiO₄ (Forsterite). Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 18, 37–39.
• Yamaguchi Y, Yamagishi K, Nobe Y (1993) The behavior of chromium ions in forsterite. Journal of Crystal Growth 128, 996-1000.
• Sugimoto A, Nobe Y, Yamazaki T, Yamaguchi Y, Yamagishi K, Sgawa Y, Takei H (1997) Spectroscopic properties of Cr-doped and Cr,Li-doped synthetic forsterite crystals. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24, 333-339.  

Ni-olivines

• Burns RG (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, 1970, p157. 
• Wood  BJ (1974) Crystal field spectrum of Ni²⁺ in olivine. Amer. Mineral., 59, 244-248.
• Rossman GR, Shannon RD, Waring RK (1981) Origin of the yellow color of complex nickel oxides. J Solid State Chem 39, 277-287.
• Hu XR, Langer K, Boström D (1990) Polarized electronic absorption spectra and Ni-Mg partitioning in olivines (Mg_1-xNi_x)₂[SiO₄]. European Journal of Mineralogy2, 29-41.

 Knebellite, FeMnSiO₄

• Burns RG (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Tephroite, Mn₂SiO₄            

• Keester KL, White WB (1968) Crystal field spectra and chemical bonding in manganese minerals. In: Papers and proceedings of the fifth general meeting, International Mineralogical Association. Cambridge, England, Aug 30-Sep 3, 1966. p22-35.
• Burns RG (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 
• Platonov AN (1976) The nature of colour in minerals. Kiev, Naukova Dumka (In Russian).
• Hålenius U, Bosi F, Skogby H (2007) Galaxite, MnAl₂O₄, a spectroscopic standard for tetrahedrally coordinated Mn²⁺ in oxygen-based mineral structures. American Mineralogist 92, 1225-1231. 
• Jyršl J (2018) Colour-change tephroite from South Africa. The Journal of Gemmology 36, 292.                          

 Ringwoodite

• Keppler H, Smyth JR (2005) Optical and near infrared spectra of ringwoodite to 21.5 GPa: Implications for radiative heat transport in the mantle. American Mineralogist 90,  1209–1212.
• Taran MN, Koch-Muller M, Wirth R, Abs-Wurmbach I, Rhede D, Greshae A (2009) Spectroscopic studies of synthetic and natural ringwoodite, c-(Mg, Fe)2SiO4. Phys Chem Minerals (2009) 36:, 217–232.
• Thomas SM, Bina CR, Jacobsen SD, Goncharov AF (2012)  Radiative heat transfer in a hydrous mantle transition zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 357-358, 130-136.     
• Mrosko M, Lenz s, McCammon CA, Taran M, Wirth R, Koch-Muller M (2013) Hydrogen incorporation and the oxidation state of iron in ringwoodite: A spectroscopic study.American Mineralogist 98, 629–636