Optical Spectra of Topaz

• Wild GO, Klemm R (1925) Mitteilungen über spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Mineralien III, Topas. Centralblatt Min., Abt. A, p. 321.

• Lemmlein GG, Melankholin NM (1951): On colour of two coloured crystals of topaz. Trudy Instituta Kristallografii AN SSSR 6, 245 – 254 (in Russian).
• Grum-Grzhimailo SV (1953): The nature of colour of pink and yellow topazes from river Kamenka (South Urals). Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineraldicheskogo obschestva 82, 142–146 (in Russian)
• Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Pevneva LA (1956) Absorption spectra of colored beryls and topazes. Trudy Instituta Kristallografii, Akademiya Nauk SSSR (1956), (No. 12), 85-92.  (In Russian)
• Lietz, J. & Klug, H.G. (1956): Färbung und Thermolumineszenz radioaktiv bestrahlter Topase. Neues Jahrb. Mineral., Abh., 89, 27– 40.

• Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Fomichev NN, Fedorov FI, Goncharenko AM (1961) Light absorption surfaces of blue topaz. Kristallografiya 6, 67-71. (In Russian)   
• Platonov AN, Belichenko VP (1964) Color and thermoluminescence of the Volhynia topazes. Mineralogicheskii Sbornik (Lvov) 18, 412-421. In Russian
• Platonov AN, Belichenko VP (1965) Pink-smoky color of Volhynian topazes. Morfol., Svoistav i Genezis Mineralov, Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSR 1965,  69-84. (In Russian)

• Nassau K (1974) The effects of gamma rays on the color of beryl, smoky quartz, amethyst and topaz. Lapidary Journal 28: 20-26; 20; 36-40.1975
• Nassau K, Prescott BE (1975) Blue and brown topaz produced by gamma irradiation. Amer Mineral 60:705-709.
• Petrov I, Berdesinski W (1975) Untersuchung künstlich farbveränderter blauer Topase. Z. Dt. Gemmol. Ges. 24:16-19.
• Platonov, A.L. (1976): The nature of colour in minerals. Kiev, Naukova Dumka (in Russian).
• Petrov I (1977) Farbeuntersuchungen an Topas. Neus Jb Mineral Abh 130:288-302.
• Petrov I, Schmetzer K, Eysel HH (1977) Absorptionsspektren von Chrom in Topas. N Jb Mineral Monat 365-372.
• Petrov I (1978) Farbe, Farbursachen and Garbveränderung bei Topasen. Z. Dt. Gemmol. Ges. 27:1-11.

• Schmetzer K (1982) Absorptionsspektroskopie und Farbe vokn V³⁺-haltigen natūrlichen Oxiden und Silikaten - ein Beitrag zur Kristallchemie des Vanadiuiims. N Jb Mineral Abhandlungen 144, 73-106.
• Petrov I  (1983): Anwendung physikalischer Methoden zur Lösung kristallchemischer Probleme. Paramagnetische Zentren in Topas – Kristallchemische Klassifikation natürlicherTopase durch Korrelation ihrer optischen Absorptions- EPR- und TL-Spektren. Dissertation. Naturwissenschaftlich-Mathematische Gesamtfakultät der Ruprecht-Karl-Universität Heidelberg.
• Platonov, A.L., Taran, M.N., Balitsky, V.S. (1984): Nature of Colour of Gems. Moscow, Nedra (in Russian).
• Nassau K (1985) Altering the color of topaz. Gems & Gemmology 32, 26-34.
• Aines RD, Rossman GR (1986) Relationships between radiation damage and trace water in zircon, quartz, and topaz. Amer Mineral 71:1186-1193.(2000).
• Schmetzer K (1987) Irradiation-induced blue color in topaz. Evidence for the formation of color centers by nuclear-reaction. Naturwissenschaften 74, 136-137.
• Albuquerque ARPL, Isotani S, Morato SP (1988) Irradiation and heating effects in topaz crystals from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Radiation Effects 106, 143-150.

• Priest V, Cowan DL, Reichel DG, Ross FK (1990) A dangling-silicon-bond defect in topaz. Journal of Applied Physics 68, 3035-3037.
• Taran MN, Langer K, Platonov AN, Indutny VV (1994) Optical absorption investigation of Cr³⁺ ion-bearing minerals in the temperature range 77-797 K. Phys Chem Minerals 21:360-372.

•  Wang, Baisong; Tu, Jing (2000) Spectroscopic study of topaz Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi  20, 40-43. In Chinese.
• Marques C, Falcao A, da Silva RC, Alves E (2002) Structural and optical characterization of topaz implanted with Fe and Co. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 191, 312-316.
• Siidra OI; Evdokimov MD; Petrov SYa; Sokolov PB (2002) Coloration mechanism of topazes and their spectral characteristics. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta, Seriya 7: Geologiya, Geografiya 3, 115-118. Publisher: IzdatelÏstvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. in Russian.  
• Wang Y, Gu YB (2002) Research on radiation-induced color change of white topaz. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 6 3, 223-225.
• Schott S, Rager H, Schurmann K, Taran M (2003) Spectroscopic study of natural gem quality “Imperial”-Topazes from Ouro Preto, Brazil. European Journal of Mineralogy 15, 701-706.
• Taran MN, Tarashchan AN, Rager H, Schott S, Shürmann K, Iwanuch W (2003) Optical spectroscopy study of variously colored gem-quality topazes from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phys Chem Minerals 30:546-555. 
• da Silva DN, Guedes KJ, Pinheiro MVB, Spaeth JM, Krambrock K (2005) The microscopic structure of the oxygen-aluminum hole center in natural and neutron-irradiated blue topaz. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 32, 436-441.
• da Silva DN, Guedes KJ, Pinheiro MVB,  Schweizer S, Spaeth JM, Krambrock K (2005)  The O-(Al2) center in topaz and its relation to the blue color. Physica Status Solidi C: Conferences and Critical Reviews 2, 397-400.
• Schirmer OF (2006) O− bound small polarons in oxide materials. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 18, R667–R704.
• Krambrock K, Ribeiro LGM, Pinheiro MVB, Leal AS, Menezes MAdeBC, Spaeth JM (2007) Color centers in topaz: comparison between neutron and gamma irradiation. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34, 437–444.
• Leal AS, Krambrock K, Ribeiro LGM, Menezes MABC, Vermaercke P, Sneyers L (2007) Study of neutron irradiation-induced colors in Brasilian topaz. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 580, 423-426.

• Bonventi W, Isotani S, Albuqulerque ARP (2012) Color Dependence on Thickness in Topaz Crystal from Brazil. Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2012.  Article ID 873804, 8 pages
• Isotani S, Matsuoka M, Albuquerque ARPL (2013) Isothermal annealing of a 620 nm optical absorption band in Brazilian topaz crystals. Physica B: Condensed Matter 415, 38-43.
• Skvortsova V, Mironova-Ulmane N, Trinkler L, Chikvaidze G (2013) Optical properties of natural topaz. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (2013), 49(International Conference on Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies 2013 (FM&NT2-13)), 012051/1-012051/4.
• Shin S, Seo J, Park H, Park J (2015) Spectroscopic characteristices of topaz: The impact of electron beam irradiation and heat treatment. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research 16, 89-92.
• Skvortsova V, Mironova-Ulmane N, Trinkler L (2015) Optical properties of irradiated topaz crystals. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 80 (12th Europhysical Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials, 2014), 012008/1-012008/5.2018
• Rout PP, Sahoo RK, Singh SK, Mishra BK (2017) Spectroscopic investigation and colour change of natural topaz exposed to PbO and CrO₃ vapour. Vibrational Spectroscopy 88, 1-8.
• Greenidge D (2018) Investigations of color center phenomena in Topaz and Quartz through electron spin resonance with reference to optical absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance: Implications for extended mineral applications. Malasian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sicneces. Special Issue on Chromatography and Other Analytical Techniques (2018) 142-149.
  
• Ittipongse A, Maneewong A, Ekaputra IMW (2018) The characteristics of electron irradiated topaz: UV-Vis, EPR, and Mid-IR spectroscopic analyses. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(7_Part_1), 15092-15097.
• Maneewong A, Pangza K, Charoennam T, Thamrongsiripak N, Jangsawang N (2019) The Impact of Electron Beam Irradiation in Topaz Quality Enhancement. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1285, 012022, 7 pages.

• Udawatte CP, Abeyweera S, Perera LRK, Illangasinghe S, Weerasooriya C, Sutthirat C, Jayasinghe N, Dharmaratne T, Diyabalanage S (2023) Optimized conditions for cobalt diffusion in Sri Lankan colorless topaz and coloration mechanism elucidation through spectro-chemical investigation. Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 33, 73-81.  
• Basso R, Eames D, Hardman MF, Befus K, Sun Z (2023) Topaz from Mason County, Texas. Gems & Gemology 59, 414-431.