Fe2+-Fe3+ Interactions in Tourmaline




Stephanie M. Mattson and George R. Rossman
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA  91125, USA


Abstract

The color and spectroscopic properties of iron-bearing tourmalines (elbaite, dravite, uvite, schorl) do not vary smoothly with iron concentration. Such behavior has often been ascribed to intervalence charge transfer between Fe2+ and Fe3+ which produces a new, intense absorption band in the visible portion of the spectrum. In the case of tourmaline, an entirely different manifestation of the interaction between Fe2+ and Fe3+ occurs in which the Fe2+ bands are intensified without an intense, new absorption band. At low iron concentrations, the intensity of light absorption from Fe2+ is about the same foe E\\c and E perpendicular c polarizations, but at high iron concentrations, the intensity of the E  perpendicular c polarization increases more that ten times a much as E\\c. This difference is related to intensification of Fe2+ absorption by adjacent Fe3+. Extrapolations indicate that pairs of Fe2+-Fe3+ have Fe2+ absorption intensity ~200 times a great as isolated Fe2+. Enhanced Fe2+ absorption bands are recognized in tourmaline by their intensity increase at 78 K of up to 50%. Enhancement of Fe2+ absorption intensity provides a severe limitation on the accuracy of determinations of Fe2+ concentration and site occupancy by optical spectroscopic methods. Details of the assignment of tourmaline spectra in the optical region are reconsidered.